It is one of the best books I've ever read. U can learn sth valuable from it. So start reading now!

Why Study Abroad?

Nowadays, most of the students from developing countries are willing to study abroad to have better studying environment, become internationally accepted leaders, become more independent, and be a valuable resident of own country. First, there are many facilities in foreign universities to give students comfort of studying: well educated and professional professors, huge libraries that have world standard new edition books, fully electronic laboratories, places to get more experience, sports’ facilities, and places to study comfortable. What is more, students who studied in developed countries can have better job opportunities after graduating, get high income, and be highly evaluated because of their educational level, foreign language ability, and many abilities that are gathered abroad. In addition to have better studying environment and become internationally accepted leaders, they become independent because there is no one to care about and help them abroad. In their hometown, they can get help from their families, friends, and someone else who is close to them. Becoming independent is valuable and necessary for everyone. They can live without depending on someone, make decisions by themselves, and have ability to be responsible for their activities. Finally, residents who are experienced about foreign development and well-educated can support the development of the country and the improvement of living standards. They will be huge investment in the development of the country. For instance, most of the students do businesses that are good for country after studying, and they can see many opportunities that we cannot see before because of our lack of education, willingness, money, and work for better life. In a sense, everything is changing and developing dramatically in emerging marketplace. We can think, act globally based on our education of foreign educational system and get more opportunities from foreign marketplace to be with the ever changing world.

Уншаарай чамд хэрэгтэй...

Productivity & Effectiveness
10 Days to Faster Reading by Abby Marks-Beale
StrengthsFinder 2.0 by Tom Rath
Getting Things Done by David Allen
The Power of Less by Leo Babauta
The 80/20 Principle by Richard Koch
Bit Literacy by Mark Hurst
The Power of Full Engagement by Jim Loehr & Tony Schwartz

The Human Mind
Brain Rules by John Medina
Making Sense of Behavior by William T. Powers
Driven by Paul Lawrence and Nitin Nohria
Deep Survival by Laurence Gonzales
Communication
On Writing Well by William Zinsser
Presentation Zen by Garr Reynolds
Made to Stick by Chip and Dan Heath
The Copywriter’s Handbook by Robert Bly
Show Me The Numbers by Stephen Few
Influence
How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie
Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion by Robert B. Cialdini
Crucial Conversations by Kerry Patterson et al
The 48 Laws of Power by Robert Greene
Decision-Making
Sources of Power: How People Make Decisions by Gary Klein
Smart Choices by John S. Hammond et al
The Path of Least Resistance by Robert Fritz
Ethics for the Real World by Ronald Howard & Clinton Korver
Creativity & Innovation
The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp
Myths of Innovation by Scott Berkun
Innovation and Entrepreneurship by Peter F. Drucker
Project Management
Making Things Happen by Scott Berkun
Results Without Authority by Tom Kendrick
Opportunity Identification
The New Business Road Test by John Mullins
How to Make Millions with Your Ideas by Dan Kennedy
Entrepreneurship
Ready, Fire, Aim by Michael Masterson
The Art of the Start by Guy Kawasaki
The Knack by Norm Brodsky & Bo Burlingham
The 4-Hour Workweek by Timothy Ferriss
Escape from Cubicle Nation by Pamela Slim
Bankable Business Plans by Edward Rogoff
Value-Creation & Design
Rework by Jason Fried and David Heinemeier Hansson
Four Steps to the Epiphany by Steve Blank
The Design of Everyday Things by Donald Norman
Universal Principles of Design by William Lidwell, Kritina Holden, and Jill Butler
Marketing
All Marketers Are Liars by Seth Godin
Permission Marketing by Seth Godin
The 22 Immutable Laws of Marketing by Al Ries & Jack Trout
Getting Everything You Can Out of All You’ve Got by Jay Abraham
Sales
The Ultimate Sales Machine by Chet Holmes
Value-Based Fees by Alan Weiss
SPIN Selling by Neil Rackham
The Sales Bible by Jeffrey Gitomer
Value-Delivery
Indispensable by Joe Calloway
The Goal by Eliyahu Goldratt
Lean Thinking by James Womack and Daniel Jones
Negotiation
Bargaining For Advantage by G. Richard Shell
3-D Negotiation by David A. Lax and James K. Sebenius
The Partnership Charter by David Gage
Management
First, Break All The Rules by Marcus Buckingham & Curt Coffman
12: The Elements of Great Managing by Rodd Wagner & James Harter
Growing Great Employees by Erika Andersen
Hiring Smart by Pierre Mornell
The Essential Drucker by Peter F. Drucker
Leadership
Tribes by Seth Godin
Total Leadership by Stewart Friedman
What Got You Here Won’t Get You There by Marshall Goldsmith
The New Leader’s 100-Day Action Plan by George Bradt et al
The Halo Effect by Phil Rosenzweig
Finance & Accounting
Accounting Made Simple by Mike Piper
Essentials of Accounting (9th Edition) by Robert N. Anthony and Leslie K. Breitner
The McGraw-Hill 36-Hour Course in Finance by Robert A. Cooke
How to Read a Financial Report by John A. Tracy
Systems
Thinking in Systems by Donella Meadows
Work the System by Sam Carpenter
Learning from the Future by Liam Fahey & Robert Randall
Analysis
Turning Numbers Into Knowledge by Jonathan Koomey
Marketing Metrics by Paul W. Farris et al
Web Analytics: An Hour a Day by Avinash Kaushik
The Economist Numbers Guide by Richard Stuteley
Statistics
How to Lie with Statistics by Darrell Huff
Principles of Statistics by M.G. Bulmer
Corporate Skills
The Unwritten Laws of Business by W.J. King
The Effective Executive by Peter Drucker
The Simplicity Survival Handbook by Bill Jensen
Corporate Strategy
Purpose: The Starting Point of Great Companies by Nikos Mourkogiannis
Competitive Strategy by Michael Porter
Blue Ocean Strategy by W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne
Green to Gold by Daniel Esty & Andrew Winston
Seeing What’s Next by Clayton M. Christensen, Erik A. Roth, Scott D. Anthony
Consulting
Getting Started in Consulting by Alan Weiss
Secrets of Consulting by Gerald M. Weinberg
Personal Finance
Your Money or Your Life by Joel Dominguez & Vicki Robin
I Will Teach You To Be Rich by Ramit Sethi
The Millionaire Next Door by Thomas Stanley & William Danko
Fail-Safe Investing by Harry Browne
It’s Not About The Money by Brent Kessel
Work Less, Live More by Bob Clyatt
Personal Development
Self-Directed Behavior by David L. Watson & Roland G. Tharp
Personal Development for Smart People by Steve Pavlina
Re-Create Your Life by Morty Lefkoe
Lead the Field by Earl Nightingale
The Art of Exceptional Living by Jim Rohn

Оюутан залуус аа!!!!!

Монгол ямаа

Монгол ямаа Азийн ноолуурын хэвшлийн сvрэгт хамаарах бөгөөд маш нарийн, уян зөөлөн ноолууртай, эх газрын эрс тэс уур амьсгалтай нөхцөлд жилийн турш бэлчээрээр маллахад зохилдсон тэсвэр сайтай байдгаараа онцлог шинж чанартай, ноолуур, сvv, мах, арьс зэрэг хосолмол ашиг шимтэй юм. Монгол ямаа Азийн ноолуурын хэвшлийн бусад vvлдэртэй харьцуулахад дунд зэргийн биетэй, чийрэг бие цогцостой, галбирын согоггvй, ясны хөгжилт сайтай, ялимгvй навтгардуу, лагс чамбай биетэй ихэвчлэн хөх,улаан, хар, цагаан зvстэй нийт сvргийн 90 гаруй хувь нь дунд зэргийн ба сайн хөгжсөн эвэртэй байдаг. Монгол ямаа бэлчээрээр таргалах чадвар сайтай бөгөөд намар бvдvvн ухна 55-58, эм ямаа 37-41, шvдлэн ухна 35-38, охин шvдлэн 29-31 кг жин дардаг бөгөөд ухна 250-350, эм ямаа 240-270, борлон ухна 200-240, охин борлон 200-230, эр ямаа 240-380 гр ноолуур өгдөг. Монгол ямаа саалийн 7 сарын хугацаанд 50-60 л сvv өгөх бөгөөд vvнээс таваарын зориулалтаар 20-30 л сvv сааж ашиглах бололцоотой, сvvний хуурай бодис дунджаар 15.44,нийт уураг 3.87, тослог 5.81, чихэр 4.78, ерөнхий эрдэс 0.89 хувь байдаг. Манай улс одоо 9.6 сая ямаатай.
Манай улс 2008 онд 43.2 сая мал тоолуулжээ. Энэ нь өмнөх оноос 3.0 сая малаар буюу хувиар өссөн байна.
Малын тоо, (мян. толгой) 31.12. 2008

№ Малын төрөл 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Бүгд 26075,3 23897,6 25427,7 28027,9 30398,8 34802,9 40263,8 43288,5
1 Тэмээ 285,2 253,0 256,7 256,6 254,2 253,5 260,6 266,4
2 адуу 2191,8 1988,9 1968,9 2005,3 2029,1 2114,8 2239,5 2186,9
3 үхэр 2069,6 1884,3 1792,8 1841,6 1963,6 2167,9 2425,8 2503,4
4 хонь 11937,3 10636,6 10756,4 11686,4 12884,5 14815,1 16990,1 18362,3
5 ямаа 9591,3 9134,8 10652,9 12238,0 13267,4 15451,7 18347,8 19969,4

Малын тоо, (мян. толгой) 31.12. 2008

№ Малын төрөл Малын тоо, (мян. толгой Нийт малд эзлэх хувь


2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008
Бүгд 34802,9 40263,8 43288,5 100,0 100,0 100,0
1 Тэмээ 253,5 260,6 266,4 0,7 0,6 0,6
2 Адуу 2114,8 2239,5 2186,9 6,1 5,6 5,1
3 Үхэр 2167,9 2425,8 2503,4 6,2 6,0 5,8
4 Хонь 14815,1 16990,1 18362,3 42,6 42,2 42,4
5 Ямаа 15451,7 18347,8 19969,4 44,4 45,6 46,1


Дээрхи тоо баримтаас харахад манай орны хувьд нийт мал сүргийн дотор ямаан сүргийн эзлэх хувийн жин их өндөр байна. Манай оронд дараах vvлдэр, vvлдрийн хэсэг, омгийн ямааг vржvvлж байна.
1. Монгол vvлдрийн ямаа
2. Өнжvvл vvлдрийн хэсэг
3. Залаа жинстийн цагаан
4. Эрчим
5. Баяндэлгэрийн улаан
6. Буурал
7. Өлгийн улаан
8. Говь гурван сайхан
9. Уулын бор
10. Алтайн улаан vvлдрийн хэсэг
Ямааг өсгөдөг чиглэл нь:
• Ноос ноолуур, арьс
• Мах сүү

Ямааны хувьд өвсний үндсийг ёзоортой нь хамт зулгааж, нялх ногооны оройн хэсэг үр буудайг нь сорчилж бэлчдэг .
• Ямааны ноолуурыг хялгаснаас салгаж болдог арга гарснаас
Ноолууран цамцны, ноолууран бүтээгдэхүүний тансаг хэрэглээ их болсон тул

1. Монголчууд:
...Алтаар vнэлэгдэх ноолууртай
Аминд нь хvрэхгvйн цаазтай
Ардын их хурлаас цалинтай
Ямаа бол ям амьтан юм...
Ямаа таван хошуу малын минь нэг
Ямаа таван амьд эрдэнийн минь нэг
Ямаа таван тивийн улсаас манайд олон нь байна
Ямаа тал, хангай, говь гурвал нутагт минь дvvрэн бэлчиж байх болтугай...
( “Ямаа” шүлэг П.Бадарч ) гэх болсон.
2. Монгол улсын мал аж ахуйн салбарт ямааны тоо толгойг богинохон хугацаанд эдийн засгийн ашиг сонирхлын үүднээс их хэмжээгээр өсгөж, малчин түмний олон мянган жил уламжлан хадгалж ирсэн сүргийн бүтцэд өөрчлөлт орж байгаа нь хамгийн ихээр анхаарлаа хандуулах шаардлага бүхий асуудал болон хувирсан байна.

Ямааны тоо толгойн өндөр өсөлт нь нэг талдаа нь ач тустай байгаа боловч нөгөө талдаа бэлчээрийн талхагдлыг багасгах, цөлжилттэй тэмцэх бодлоготой ихээр зөрчилдөж байна.

Ашгийн эрэлтийн талаархи хүмүүсийн ойлголт

Эдийн засагч Дж. М. Кейнс мөнгөний эрэлтийн 3 хэлбэр байдгийг тодорхойлсон. Хүмүүс гар дээрээ мөнгөтэй байх шаардлага байдаг 3 янзын эрэлт байдаг байна. Үүнд:
1. Гүйлгээний эрэлт
2. Урьдчилан сэргийлэх эрэлт
3. Ашгийн эрэлт
Гүйлгээний эрэлт гэдэг нь хүмүүсийн авах хөдөлмөрийн хөлс түүнтэй адилтгах орлого, бизнесийн орлого олох хугацаа нь тухайн хүний зарлага гаргах хугацаатай тэр бүр тохирдоггүй. Хүнд гүйлгээний эрэлт байнга гарч байдаг. Хүмүүс хоол хүнсээ авах, хувцас хунар худалдаж авах, оюуны хэрэгцээгээ хангах зэрэг өөрийн гүйлгээний эрэлтээ хангахын тулд өөрийн биедээ байнга мөнгө авч явах хэрэгтэй байдаг Жишээ нь Оюутан бидний хувьд өглөө хичээлдээ явахад минь аав, ээж маань автобусны, таксины мөнгө, өдрийн цай уух мөнгө гээд хэрэгцээгээ хангах мөнгийг өгдөг. Гүйлгээний эрэлтийг тодорхойлдог гол зүйл нь тухайн хүний цалин, орлогын хэмжээ байдаг.
Урьдчилан сэргийлэх эрэлт хүмүүний амьдралд баяртай бас гунигтай ямар ч явдал тохиолдож болох учраас гүйлгээнийхээ эрэлтийг хангах мөнгөнөөс гадна бас тодорхой хэмжээний мөнгийг цааш нь урьдчилан сэргийлэх эрэлтдээ зориулж хадгалах шаардлагатай болно. Жишээ нь: Өвчин тусах, үхэл хагацал тохиолдох, эсвэл баярт үйл явдал тохиолдоход тэмдэглэхийн тулд гэх мэт. Урьдчилан сэргийлэх эрэлтийг тодорхойлдог гол зүйл нь тухайн хүний цалин, бизнесийн орлогын хэмжээ байдаг.
Ашгийн эрэлт энэ нь тухайн хүн өөрийн гүйлгээний эрэлт, урьдчилан сэргийлэх эрэлтээ хангаад цаана нь мөнгө нь илүү гараад байвал түүнийг ашиг олох зорилгоор ямарваа нэг орлого олдог активт байршуулахыг хэлдэг. Жишээ нь: Өөрийнхөө мөнгийг хэн нэгэнд зээлдүүлэх, банкны хадгаламжинд байршуулах гэх мэт.
“Банк санхүүгийн үндэс” хичээлийг үзээгүй байхдаа би хүмүүсийн мөнгөө өсгөдөг газар нь банкинд мөнгөө хадгаламж хэлбэрээр байршуулах, хэн нэгэнд итгэл алдахгүй хүнд мөнгөө зээлдүүлэх л гэж ойлгодог байлаа. Ингээд хүмүүсийн банкин дахь хадгаламжийн үлдэгдлийн талаар авч үзлээ. Үүнд:


Иргэдийн хадгаламжийн үлдэгдэл 2008 оны эцсийн байдлаар
/сая . төгрөгөөр /
№
Хугацаа
Иргэдийн хадгаламжийн
үлдэгдэл
Нийт пассив Нийт пассивт иргэдийн
хадгаламжийн үлдэгдлийн
эзлэх хувь
1. 1999 он 105341,3 203865,0 51,7
2. 2000 он 128067,7 214870,8 59,6
3. 2001 он 174908,9 304377,9 57,5
4. 2002 он 282397,8 448403,7 63,0
5. 2003 он 490499,0 766800,8 64,0
6. 2004 он 625704,9 962037,2 65,0
7. 2005 он 871014,4 1371222,2 63,5
8. 2006 он 1204590,0 1899378,5 63,4
9. 2007 он 1810778,1 2858261,0 63,3
10. 2008 он 1658251,3 3356758,0 49,4

Хүснэгтээс харахад 2007 он хүртэл иргэдийн хадгаламж харьцангуй өсөлттэй, зарим жилүүдэд бага зэрэг буурсан, харин 2008 онд эдийн засгийн хямрал, валютын ханшны огцом өөрчлөлтөөс болоод буурсан харагдаж байна. Гэхдээ хүмүүсийн доторхи үнэт цаасны зах зээл, хувьцаа, бондын талаархи ойлголт хангалтгүй байдгаас мөнгөө банкинд хадгалуулах нь илүү байдаг байна.
“Банк санхүүгийн үндэс” хичээлийг үзсэнээр ашиг олох зорилгоор мөнгөө байршуулж болох зүйлийн нэг нь өөрийн гар дээр байгаа сул чөлөөтэй мөнгөн хөрөнгийг үнэт цаасанд байршуулах явдал гэдгийг ойлголоо. Өөрийн гар дээр байгаа сул чөлөөтэй мөнгийг үнэт цаасанд байршуулснаар хүмүүст дараах орлого олох боломж гарч ирдэг байна. Үүнд:
• Хувьцааны ногдол ашиг хүртэх
• Үнэт цаасны ханш хоорондын зөрүүнээс ашиг олох гэх мэт.
Мөн үнэт цаасны зах зээлийн талаар хувьцааны зах зээл дээр хэрхэн оролцох талаар Германы тэрбумтан Бодо Шеферийн “Санхүүгийн эрх чөлөөнд хүрэх нь” гэдэг номноос их зүйлийг мэдэж авлаа.
(383-үгтэй)


Ашигласан материал:
1. Г.Балж, Д.Мөнхдулам “Банк санхүүгийн үндэс”
2. Бодо Шефер “Санхүүгийн эрх чөлөөнд хүрэх нь”
3. Хөрөнгийн зах зээл сэтгүүл

Монголын нууц товчоог яагаад хятадаар орчуулсан бэ?

XIII-XIV зууныг Монголын сонгодог уран зохиолын хөгжлийн үед хамааруулдаг. Монголын сонгодог уран зохиолын дурсгал болсон “Монголын нууц товчоо”, “Чингисийн эр хоёр загалын тууж”, “Чингисийн есөн өрлөгтэй өнчин хүүгийн цэцэлсэн шастир” зэрэг уран зохиолын түүхэн дурсгал болсон олон олон бүтээл байдаг.
Эдгээрийн дотроос “Монголын нууц товчоо” хэмээх түүхэн зохиол нь монгол үндэстний маань анхны түүхэн дурсгалт бүтээлийн нэгэн юм.
Тийм ч учраас Монгол түмэн энэхүү алдарт “Монголын нууц товчоо” хэмээх бүтээлийг эрхэмлэн дээдэлж хоймортоо залдаг.
Энэхүү бүтээлийн зохиогч нь тодорхойгүй
• Шихихутаг
• Чингай ноён
• Хамтын зохиогчтой зэрэг олон санал бий.

Зохиогдсон он нь: 1240 он.

• Зарим эрдэмтэд 1252, 1264 оны хулгана жилд хамааруулан тайлбарладаг гэж сурах бичигт дурьдсан байдаг.
Оросын нэрт эрдэмтэн, судлаач Б.Я. Владимирцов хэлэхдээ: “...“Монголын нууц товчоо” бол монголын түүхийн хосгүй баримт болохоос гадна монгол ардын оюуны чадварыг гэрчилсэн гайхамшигт уран зохиол мөн” гэжээ.
Ийнхүү “Монголын нууц товчоо” хэмээх бүтээл нь дундад зууны үеийн үргэлжилсэн үг, яруу найраг, түүх, уран зохиолын дээд болсон хэл найруулгын яруу тансагыг илэрхийлсэн бүтээлийн нэгэн юм.
“Монголын нууц товчоо” хэмээх энэхүү бүтээл нь анх хятад үсгээр бичигдсэн буюу уйгар монгол үсгээр бичигдсэн эсэх нь тодорхойгүй гэж бичсэн байдаг. XIII зууны үед монголчууд хятад үсгийг хэрэглэж байсан мэдээ байх тул энэ зохиолыг шууд хятад үсгээр монгол хэл дээр зохиосон байж болох талаар бичсэн байдаг.
Нөгөө талаас анх уйгар монгол үсгээр бичигдээд дараа нь хятад үсгээр сийрүүлж бичсэн нь олдсон, монгол үсгээр зохиогдсон эх нь алга болсон гэж бичсэн байдаг. Энэ зохиолын хуучин монгол үсгээр бичигдсэн эх одоог хүртэл олдоогүй. Харин хятад үсгээр монгол хэл дээр бичигдсэн эх хувь нь хятадын нутгаас олдсон гэдэг.
“Монголын нууц товчоо”-ны хятад үсгийн эх европт анх мэдэгдсэн тэр цагаас хойш 100 шахам жил болсон байна.
Оросын эрдэмтэн Кафаров Бээжинд байхдаа хятад хэл бичигт сайтар боловсорч, хятадын олон судраас аль чухлыг нь сонирхон үзэж судлан “Монголын нууц түүх” гэдгийг Манжийн Богд хааны номын сангаас нэгэн танил эрдэмтнээрээ сэм авхуулан, зөвхөн хятад орчуулганаас нь төрөлх орос хэл рүүгээ орчуулж 1866 онд нийтэлсэн тэр цагаас хойш олон улсын эрдэмтэд энэхүү суут бүтээлийг үзэх, судлах эхлэл тавигдсан гэж үздэг байна.
1382 онд хятад хэл дээр Жан Юан-Зи, Маш-их нар орчуулсан гэж оросын эрдэмтэн Кафаров хятадын түүхээс иш татан мэдээлсэн байна.
Уг бүтээлийг төрөлх монгол хэлнээ хөрвүүлэн монгол түмэндээ маш их түүхэн бөгөөд оюуны их хувь нэмэр оруулсан хүн нь Хатиган овогт Цэндийн Дамдинсүрэн юм. Тэрээр Монгол Улсын төрийн хошой шагналт, Ардын уран зохиолч хүн.
Энэхүү “Монголын нууц товчоо” хэмээх бүтээл нь монгол түмний маань түүхэн өв их эрдэнэ төдийгүй өргөө гэрийнхээ хойморт залах бүтээлийн дээд бүтээл, монгол түмний соёлын их өв, бахархал болсон бүтээл юм.

“Хэл - үндэсний баялаг” Хэлний хүчирхийлэл цуврал нийтлэлийг шинжлэх нь

Л. Түдэв гуай “Дал” сонины нэгэн дугаарт “Хэл-үндэсний баялаг” “Хэлний хүчирхийлэл” цуврал нийтлэлийг бичиж гаргасан байна. Энэхүү цуврал нийтлэлтэй танилцахын өмнө уг нийтлэлийг бичигч Л. Түдэв гуайн талаар товчхон намтрыг нь судалсан. Үүнд:

Жалайр овогт Лодонгийн Түдэв нь 1935 онд Говь-Алтай аймгийн Наран суманд төрсөн. Тэрээр УБИС-ийн Орос хэл, уран зохиолын багш мэргэжлээр, хуучнаар ЗХУ-д докторантурыг төгсөж, Хэлбичгийн шинжлэх ухааны докторын зэрэг хамгаалсан хүний нэг. Л.Түдэв гуайн бүтээж туурвисан гол бүтээлүүдэд нь “Хорвоотой танилцсан түүх”, “Мөнхийн гал” тууж,
“Нөхөд”, “Уулын үер”, “Нүүдэл суудал”, “Оройгүй сүм” зэрэг роман, “Зэрэг нэмэхийн өмнө” кино зэрэг олон бүтээлүүдийг нь дурьдаж болно.

Л.Түдэвийн монголын уран зохиолын их санд оруулсан хувь нэмрийг нь өндрөөр үнэлж МХЗЭ-ийн шагнал, Монгол улсын Төрийн шагнал, Монгол Улсын Соёлын Гавъяат зүтгэлтэн цол, Монгол Улсын Хөдөлмөрийн баатар цолоор тус тус шагнасан байна.

Л. Түдэв нь Монгол хэлний талаар олон бүтээл, туурвил гаргасан хүн. Түүний нэг нь “Дал” сонинд нийтлэгдсэн “Хэл - үндэсний баялаг” “ХЭЛНИЙ ХҮЧИРХИЙЛЭЛ (LANGUAGE VIOLENCE)” цуврал нийтлэл юм. Энэхүү цуврал нийтлэл нь дараах үндсэн хэсгүүдэээс бүрдэж байна. Үүнд:

* Хэлний хүчирхийлэл оршил хэсэг
Нэг. Заяамал хэлний заяа
Хоёр. Хэлээр түрэмхийлэгчид хэн вэ?
Гурав. Хэлний шинжлэл үндэстэнд холбогдох нь зэрэг хэсгүүдтэй.

Дээрхи цуврал нийтлэлийг унших явцад өөрийн эрхгүй нэгийг бодогдуулсан мөрүүд олон байна.

Ж-нь: Хэлний хүчирхийлэл оршил хэсэгт:

1. Хүн төрөлхтөнд заяасан хэл
2. Унаган монгол хэл, соёл
3. Монголчуудын аж амьдрал, хувцаслалт, хэл соёлд гарсан өөрчлөлтүүд
4. Насанд хүрэгчдийн ба хүүхдийн хэл яриа
5. Охид, эмэгтэйчүүдийн биеэ авч явах байдал, эрүүл мэндийн асуудал
6. Байгууллагын гаднах хаяг буюу монгол хүн монголдоо монгол хэлнийхээ эрэлд гарсан түүх зэргээс өгүүлжээ.
Нэг. Заяамал хэлний заяа хэсэгт:
1. Үндэстэн ба хэл
2. Хэлний хүчирхийллийн үр дагавар анхаарах асуудлууд хэлний эрлийзжүүлэлт
Хоёр. Хэлээр түрэмхийлэгчид хэн вэ хэсэгт:
1. Эх хэлээ хамгаалах талаархи авч явуулсан ажлууд
2. Төрийн түшээд ба тэдний монгол хэлний боловсрол
3. Оньсого мэт ойлгомжгүй нэрийн товчлол
4. Хэвлэл мэдээллийн хэрэгсэл ба сэтгүүлчдийн хэлний боловсрол
5. Монгол хэлний тухай хууль
6. Хууль, дүрэм ба хэлний найруулга
Гурав. Хэлний шинжлэл үндэстэнд холбогдох нь хэсэгт.
1. Эрт эдүгээгийн хэл соёл
2. Нийгмийн ёс заншлын түгээмэл байдал
3. Монгол хэлээрээ бахархах сэтгэл
4. Монгол хэлээ судлах, хөгжүүлэх, хамгаалах дээдлэх талаар дэвшүүлж буй санаа зэргийг дурьдсан байна. Үүнд:

- Хэл ярианы соёл
- Төрөлх хэлний хамгааллын асуудал
- Толь бичиг
- Интернет ба монгол хэл
- Монгол хэл ба төрийн гүйцэтгэх үүрэг
- Хэвлэл мэдээллийн хэрэгслийн хэлний боловсролд тооцох хариуцлага гэх мэт.

Цувралд нийтлэлд бидний амьдралын эргэн тойронд байгаа монгол хэлний соёл, боловсролтой холбоо бүхий гол асуудлыг энгийн ойлгомжтой хэлбэрээр амьдралын энгийн жишээн дээр гарган харуулжээ. Энэ нийтлэлийг уншсаны дараа эргэн бодоход иргэдийн маань монгол хэлний боловсрол, соёлын түвшин, хэл ярианы үгсийн сан яаж ядуурч, эрлийз болж байгаа нь харагдаж байна. Үүнд анхаарлаа хандуулах цаг аль хэдийн болжээ гэдгийг харуулж байна. Хүүхэд, залуучууд уран зохиолын ном уншихгүй байгаагаас тэдний хэл ярианд хэрэглэгдэх монгол хэлний сан мэдлэг нь огт хөгжихгүйд хүрч, цөөн хэдэн ойлгомжгүй үг яриагаар өөр хоорондоо харилцсаар байна.

Хүн хэлтэй бол хөлтэй гэдэг үг байдаг. Тэгвэл гадаад хэлийг шамдан сурахын өмнө аялгуу сайхан монгол хэлэээ зөв ярьж, бичиж, хэлж сурчихаад дараа нь гадаад хэл сурахаар цаг заваа зориулах нь чухал. Ингээгүйгээс болоод нууцгүй хэлэхэд монголоор бичсэн зүйлийг монгол руу нь орчуулж ойлгох гэж толгой өвдөх шахам болж байгаа дүр зураг олон байдаг.

Монголын орчин үеийн уран зохиолыг үндэслэгчдийн нэг Боржигон овогт Дашдоржийн Нацагдорж “Түүхийн шүлэг” хэмээх бүтээлдээ: “...Өсөхөөс сурсан үндэсний хэл, орхиж болшгүй соёл мөн”... гэж өгүүлсэн байдаг.

Монгол хүн монгол газар шороон дээрээ дэлхийн соёлтой хамт эн зэрэгцэн алхаж байгаа хэдий ч монголоороо байх, монгол соёл, монгол хэлтэйгээ байх сайхан. Монголдоо байгаа мөртлөө Монголоо хайсан монгол болохгүй юмсан даа.

Ирээдүйд бид ямар бичгээр бичих вэ?

“… Õýë ãýäýã ç¿éë õ¿íèéã áóñàä àìüòíààñ ÿëãàæ ºãäºã áîë, áè÷èã ãýäýã ç¿éë ñî¸ë èðãýíøèëò õ¿íèéã çýðëýã¿¿äýýñ ÿëãàæ ºãäºã áîëîé… ªºðººð õýëáýë, çºâõºí ñî¸ë èðãýíøëèéí îð÷èíä ë áè÷èã ¿ñýã áàéìóé, áè÷èã ¿ñýãã¿éãýýð ñî¸ë èðãýíøèë ãýäýã ç¿éë áàéæ ¿ë ÷àäìóé…” хэмээн үсэг бичиг судлагч, америк эрдэмтэн И. Е. Гельб авгай “ Бичиг үсгийн судлагаа “ номондоо өгүүлсэн байдаг.
Õýäèéãýýð õýë ãýäýã ç¿éë ýðòíýýñ ºíººã õ¿ðòýë õ¿í òºðºëõòºíèé õàðèëöààíû õýðýãë¿¿ð áîëæ, óëìààð õºãæèæ, õýëýýð õ¿ì¿¿ñ ººð õîîðîíäîî õàðèëöàæ, àæ àìüäðàëàà óäèðäàí çîõèîí áàéãóóëñààð èðñýí áîëîâ÷ õýë íü öàã õóãàöàà, îðîí çàéí äàâõàð õÿçãààðò áàðèãäìàë øèíæ ÷àíàðòàé áºãººä õýëýýð çºâõºí òóõàéí íýã îðîí çàé, öàã õóãàöààíä õ¿ì¿¿ñ ººð õîîðîíäîî õàðèëöàæ ÷àäíà. Õýëíèé ýíý öàã õóãàöàà, îðîí çàéí äàâõàð õÿçãààðûã äàâàõ õ¿í òºðºëõòºíèé áóé áîëãîñîí íèéãýì ñî¸ëûí õàìãèéí ¿íýò ç¿éë áîëîõ íü áè÷èã þì. Ìîíãîë ò¿ìýí ºíãºðñºí ò¿¿õýí öàã ¿å¿ääýý àðâààä áè÷èã ¿ñãèéí òîãòîëöîîã ÿíç á¿ðèéí ó÷èð øàëòãààíû óëìààñ, ÿíç á¿ðèéí õóãàöààãààð õýðýãëýæ èðñýí áºãººä ýäãýýð áè÷èã ¿ñýã íü äýëõèé íèéòèéí áè÷èã ¿ñãèéí ò¿¿õýí ñàëøã¿é áүðýëäýõүүí õýñýã íü áîëæ ÿâäàã. Ìîíãîë ò¿ìýí ºâºã ýðòíýýñ äàðààõ áè÷ã¿¿äèéã õàðèëöàà õîëáîîíûõîî ãîë õýðýãëýãäýõ¿¿í áîëãîí õýðýãëýæ áàéæýý. ¯¿íä :
1. Þì áè÷èã

• Ãàëò áè÷èã
• Õýëõýýñò áè÷èã
• Çàíãèëàà áè÷èã
• Öýöãèéí ýðõè ìýò õýëáýðòýé êèï¿ õýìýýõ õýëõýýñò áè÷èã
• Çóðàã áè÷èã

2. Санаа бичиг
3. Авиа бичиг

a. Үеийн бичиг
b. Цагаан толгойт бичиг
• Ìîíãîë áè÷èã
• Õÿòàн áè÷èã
• ĺðâºëæèí áè÷èã
• Òîä áè÷èã
• Ñî¸ìáî áè÷èã
• Õýâòýý äºðâºëæèí áè÷èã
• Âàãèíäðàãèéí áè÷èã
• Ëàòèí ¿ñýã
• Îðîсæèí “øèíý” áè÷èã ãýõ ìýò.
Бичиг үсэг гэдэг тухайн үндэстэн угсаатныг өөр хооронд нь нэгтгэж өгдөг нэн чухал үнэт өв соёл. Тийм ч учраас эрдэмтэд “ ... Аливаа үндэстний оршин байх гадаад бэлгэ тэмдэг нь тэдний хэл, бичиг хоёр нь бөлгөө. Тэгээд ч аливаа байлдан дагуулагчдын хувьд, аль нэг ард түмнийг устгах зорилгодоо бичгийн үнэт өв сангий нь үгүй хийх явдал эн тэргүүний зорилго нь болдог билээ...” гэж онцлон тэмдэглэсэн нь бидэнд нэгийг бодогдуулах гэсэн хэрэг юм.
Төрөлх хэлнийхээ зүй тогтолд тохирсон эртний уламжлал бүхий бичиг үсэг нь ард түмнийхээ хэлний хөгжлийг зөв чиглүүлэх төдийгүй хэлнийхээ өнгөрсөн, одоо, ирээдүйг холбосон гүүр нь болж өгдөг.
Оросын нэрт зохиолч И.С.Тургенев хэлэхдээ: “ ...Төрөлх хэлээ хайрлацгаа...Энэ бол өвөг дээдсээс бидэнд үлдээсэн цул эрдэнэ, баялаг юм... Энэхүү хүчит зэвсгийг хүндэтгэн хэрэглэ. Чадвартай эзэмшвэл гайхамшгийг бүтээнэм биш үү” гэж хэлсэн.

Их эрдэмтэн, зохиолч Б.Ренчин хэлэхдээ:
“... Чихину чимэг болсон аялгуу сайхан монгол хэл
Чин зоригт өвгөд дээдсийн минь өв их эрдэнэ
Сонсох бүр яруу баялгийг гайхан баясч
Сод их билэгт түмэн юугаан бишрэн магтмуу би хэмээсэн байдаг”.
Ирээдүйд бид аялгуу сайхан монгол хэлээ зөв сурч, зөв ярьж, бичиж, баялаг сан хөмрөгөөс нь цааш нь улам хөгжүүлэх чухал болно.

Person I Admire

ENG211: Face-to-face communication vs. emails or phone calls

Nowadays, technology is improving dramatically that gives many chances people to save their money, time, and be easier to communicate each other wherever they are. In business, communication requires people many qualities. Success or loss depends on proper communication. We use all kind of tools to communicate each other. Using proper communicating tool gives many opportunities and has a number of advantages. Indeed, in recent years, using emails, phone calls, and face-to-face communications for successful communications is more popular.

First of all, due to technology is developing, people use computer that contains internet for their work and privacy. On the internet, we use emails to communicate each other to change information, connect each other and more. In business, people use emails by writing formal mails to their suppliers, customers, and employers. For instance, people deliver advertising emails to people to attract them and have more customers. Internet is private technology market that gives opportunities to create, expand, and introduce own businesses.

What is more, except using emails as a communication tool, we begin using phones as a communication method. It is like a face-to-face communication without seeing each other. We can change our ideas properly on time, make decisions quickly, and know about the speaker’s idea more effectively. Today, everyone has a mobile. Some people do not imagine their lives without mobiles. Reason why communications become more complex and have no difficulty is using mobiles.

In addition to using emails and phone calls as communication tools, face-to-face communication People began using it many years ago. It is the best way to communicate people. We can control the speaker’s movement, main idea, and attitudes while having speech them. It is more effective than others. Moreover, there is a problem with it when you and your speakers are in different places. It costs too much.

All things considered, communication tools are being changed and there are tremendous effects on communication that is being become more effective. Using right tool at right time as a communication tool is the best method to be more beneficial.

ENG211: Teamwork vs. working independently

Employees require from employers some main abilities that involve skills to be a good team worker, well-educated, well-organized, and a good communicator. One of them is to be a good team worker that demands complex skill. Although there are many work that do not require team worker skill. As a result some people prefer working independently to working group.

First of all, working team gives opportunities to make proper decisions that have lower opportunity costs than others, change ideas, become a good communicator, speaker, and listener, have ability to evaluate things, see differences between things by seeing all sides. It is exact way to approach right place, effective decision, and work beneficially.

Although, sometimes working independently is more effective than teamwork in some work that is not demand group discussion. Because of the huge decision making, teamwork costs much higher than working independently. Due to people in team cost so much time to combine ideas, working independently is better to do work.

In conclusion, abilities of teamwork and working independently are all together necessary. If we have them, we will do everything and our decision making will be the best solution to its ways.

ENG211: Have automobiles improved modern life?

Transportation makes life easier. One of the developed industries is automobiles that are becoming more comfortable, complex, and satisfying. People can approach wherever they want to go by using automobiles from which people can feel high comfort. Because of the many advantages in automobiles, people get more efficiency in the developing international market. Automobiles have pros and cons like everything.

At first, automobiles have improved modern life by saving time, efficient communication, and disappearing distance problem. In business market, we can do external works without any trouble that happens in ancient times.

Moreover, using automobiles costs high. It always requires high cares about regular service and use petrol to work. However, it gives high impression to people. Automobiles are becoming more stylish, equipped, safe, and have high technology improvements.

In contrast, because of the use of automobiles, traffic jam and air pollution is increasing dramatically. Due to drivers become nervous and rude especially in rush hours, people’s communication might become cold and unfriendly. As a result, social communication faces many troubles. Indeed, automobiles create air pollutions that have tremendous impact on environment.

All in all, there are many advantages than disadvantages in automobiles. Proper use is being demanded on consumption of automobiles. Control on it is required mostly.

ENG211: Sports or library

One of the most important things is free time that contains many opportunities. Everyone has free time. However, spending ways of them are different for different places. For example, in a gym and in a library, there is a big difference for taking beneficial things.

First of all, in free time, doing sports gives people to live healthy, be well-figured, and have a good appearance. Being healthy, people can do everything. Indeed, sports are more popular whole world. Due to a number of sports champions that are held internationally, people can introduce themselves all over the world. All of them know about one of the ways of spending free time is doing sports. If people do sports, they will become patient, aimed, and stronger. They can learn much more from it.

Secondly, especially students spend their free time in library by doing research, homework, self-assignment, and studying something new. Being in library, they can know about everything what they want and become more educated, professional, and have more advantages. Although sitting in chair for a long time influences people’s health badly. As a result of sitting in chair without any other active movements, people should put on weight, and become less healthy than others who do sports.

Most of all, everything has positive and negative sides. One importance is to choose right one that gives you positive things.

In my view, the best way to discuss the issue of spending free time should be to couple sports and library. From this, you will live healthy and be smart. Those involve many advantages that must be required from human.

ENG211: Why people work?

People work for supplying their needs that are unlimited. Due to the development of business market, people have to be more educated, practical, and have abilities to make right decisions that have lower opportunity costs than others. Working requires many qualities. If you work very well, you will have everything that you want. There are three more reasons why people work: unlimited needs, wants, and purpose.

First of all, humans’ needs are unlimited. In economics, we study some kind of methods about how to supply unlimited needs by using limited resources properly. We all work for supplying our needs that give us couple of things. For instance, it seems to me that if we have enough abilities to work that give us high earning, we will be satisfied, and comforted. In competitive market, people are valued by their doings. It means that if you can work successfully, and have great achievements, you will be valued high and people will respect, admire, and copy you. Then you will adore yourself reason why everyone is proud of you.

After that, there is a big difference between wants and needs. Needs are the first things that people have to be with it. However, wants come to people when they supply their needs enough. It means that we take more satisfaction when we can provide our needs and then wanting more and more. People’s wants motivate them highly to achieve their purposes and have more successful. It is one of the main engines to people to become the best one.

Lastly, except wants and needs, one of the main methods that promote people dramatically is purpose. Everyone tries their best to achieve their missions. People have many challenges that bring them all they want. However, pick the challenges by not skipping each of them is the main importance. If you can be purposed, challenging, and powerful, you will do everything. Every goal comes to you when you work hard for achieving your ideas.

To sum up, if we do not work, we will not have everything and lives become boring. Working gives us success, satisfaction, ability to achieve our aims by ourselves. As a result of working, we can reach wherever we want.

ENG211: How to avoid stress?

Nowadays, stress belongs to people everywhere is one of the most common things for almost everyone. Because of any kind of things, people get stressed high, medium, or low. Because of the all variety of situations people get stressed. Students get stressed highly from exams, self-assignments, and circumstances they have to do. Most have complained about stress, but much less have ruminated on the topic of stress. What is the right way to deal with stress, and how to avoid stress?

First of all, it would be a good idea to do everything on time. If we did everything on time, we would not get stressed from them. For instance, some students get stressed from self-assignments given them long time ago. Due to the fact that not doing their assignments on time, they face stress highly. If they did it on time, they would know more about the subject, do very well, and not get stressed.

Furthermore, another solution is to live healthy. Sleeping and eating properly has a huge positive impact on human. If we did not eat and sleep properly and was always sleepy and hungry, we would not concentrate on what we are doing and do it excellent. Healthy life brings everything.

Finally, being calm and thinking everything positively is one of the best ways to avoid stress. If we always think everything from wrong side, we will have so much stress.

All in all, ways of sleeping and eating properly, doing everything on time, thinking everything from positive side are the best way to decrease and avoid stress.

ENG211: Money is not only factor for success

Having success in the business market depends on all kind of things that have the most effective influence such as money, professional skills, and market prestige.

First of all, having money is one of the high opportunity to be the competitive and successful company. It can give you a big chance to support your business scope. If you have big amounts of money, you will grasp opportunity that is found whenever. For example, in a big challenging market, companies do all kind of methods that can reach them big success. In Mongolia, company that has bigger investment than others can take the opportunity like this.

Secondly, one of the key thing that can effect company's success is professional employers. They can make decisions that are the best for company's future. If company has more and more professional employers, company's opportunity cost will be in minimum and the company will be famous for its operation. For example, one of the Mongolian successful company MCS can control the hole market by their skillful, and professional employers.

Finally, there is a thing that is made by company's operation is called market prestige. If companies are more and more popular in its industry, they can control and effect the market mass. Company that attracts more customers can control the hole market and they can earn more and more net profit and they can be the engine of the market. Companies do some operations that is for social can influence in field by having more customers, expanding the market, getting much more profit. Mongolian top telecommunication company called Mobicom controls the 70% of market. It gives them high opportunity to be the best.

To sum up, A method that gives you what you want is includes all these three things.

ENG211: How can we make our city a better place to live?

Air pollution, traffic jam, drunken people, litter thrown everywhere, increasing crime the most serious problems faced to our city. What are the best ways to decrease these serious problems? Why are these increasing dramatically?

First of all, in winter, it is hard to breathe and see somewhere due to the air pollution being the main problem. It would be a good idea to control the city planning management. There are too many people who live in the city most of whom lives in traditional houses called “GER”.

Secondly, it is the best idea to control the crime. If there are more policemen in streets, there would be few crimes. So people can live without danger. In city, most of bars, hotels, night clubs are opened all night in which illegal things happen. After using alcohol very much, people do something bad. In this situation, there is no control.

Finally, litter is one of the most serious problems. Since consumption is becoming wide, there is being all kind of litters. After eating or using something, people throw packing somewhere. Then these are winding everywhere. It effects view of the city, health and clean lives. It would be the most complex method that put more litter bins in the streets, especially near to bus station, somewhere in which people crowd mostly. And broadcasting advertisements about it’s bad for our future aimed for people.

All things are considered, problems are caused by all of you. We can change our environment for our future. There are many methods for reducing problems. Why can we use at least one of these?

ENG211: Should more people give up meat and become vegetarians?

In recent years, people from all over the world are concerning about global warming one of the most difficult issues caused many reasons. One of the reasons is meat consumption of people that has tremendous impact on global warming. So more people should give up meat and become vegetarian.

At first, technologies are developing dramatically, people’s consumption is becoming wide, and everything is changing day by day nowadays. It gives many opportunities save times, labors, and resources to people. However, nature is becoming worst since there are many cons caused air pollution, desertification, drop in temperature. High development of technologies effects earth. Global warming is increasing that gives us bad signal. Fortunately there are many methods to decrease global warming. Becoming vegetarian is simple and possible one of them. Meat is bad for nature.

Secondly, putting on weight is becoming more common in the world. Most of the people are using products contain high fat is one of the main problem all over the world. If people become vegetarian, they will not concern about their appearance, and it is good for their health. They can feel more comfort and satisfaction. It gives them healthy, long, happy, and energy lives.

In contrast, some people say ‘if I become vegetarian, I will put on weight reason why vegetarians’ food contains high fat’. Do you agree with them? It is wrong thought. Putting on weight is caused themselves. If they can monitor their foods, eat in constant time, they will not put on weight. It depends on only you.

In sum, Becoming vegetarian is good for nature and health that are most valuable things for human. So let’s give up meat and become vegetarians.

ENG211: Movie influence people

One of the developing, competitive, successful world business branches is movie from which we can get new information and experience that are good or bad which have great influence on people. Movies from all over the world tell about everything-real story, imagination, history, everyday life, and so on. Every movie has close meaning that tells about something good or bad. There are pros and cons in all movies from which people learn something. Movies, cost highly, which are created by long-term working are made by all kind of people.
Watching movie is caused kind of things. People watch movies to lose stress, forget their problems, enjoy life, etc. They learn all kind of things from it. It gives them life experience. Movie tells about all kind of things-love, happiness, sorrow, suffer, separation, relationship, friendship, future, and so on. Some of them relate social and real situations, however, some of them belong to future, imagination, and expectations.
People can know something that they can’t ask from their friends, teachers, parents, and someone else. It is easy to know something from it. People conclude every movies that they watched by themselves. Caused their feelings and waiting, some of them have high impression moreover some of them didn’t like it. People can get main knowledge about all subjects. Movie has all colors, actions, audios. So it gives people brief and main knowledge by five sensations.
In contrast, actions that aren’t in the real life appear in movie. Then people who watched it copy and do the same thing. That is the bad influence on people. Appearance, fashionable clothing, good communications, practicing sports, eating healthy foods give people good experience. Sometimes telling bad words, feeling always nervous, screaming, and connecting people rudely are bad for people. Especially teenagers learn it without any knowledge about main meaning and use them in their real life. Everything has two side effects.
In conclusion, movies and televisions have great influence on people. The influence can be in form of learning new attitudes which are good or bad. It could be good behavior if it suits real life or improve the daily behaviors such as eating healthy foods and practicing sports. Or it could be bad behavior such as telling bad words and doing rude actions that don’t suit social life.

ENG211: Thought

Some people prefer to go to small colleges in which there are pros and cons. But I prefer to go to large universities in which there are more educated and experienced teachers. So I can get good education and more educational help from them. Large universities have especially more and more students in which there is highly competition. So I can motivate myself easily to be one of the best students and learn something good from them. Person who always communicates all kind of people can be good listener, communicator, and good team worker. There are some more facilities in large universities. In my free time, I can enjoy that moment effectively. I can go to library, gym, swimming pool, and some more. Most of the large universities are more popular than small colleges. It is easier to enter my ideal job. Moreover, tuitions are more expensive, environment is nosier and teachers can’t take more attention to each student. There are more advantages than disadvantages. So still I prefer to go to large universities……

ENG211: Unit 13: “For and Against” Essays: For and against travelling on foot

Do you always want something that is different from everyday doings? During their holidays, most of the people go on travelling for feeling enjoyable and pleasant moments. There are many types of travelling. It is different to each country how to travel. People especially go to distant from the city for being close to nature and being in a quite area.
Travelling on foot has some kind of advantages. While travelling on foot, you can be close to nature, it gives you complete rest, you will forget all your problems and pressures, and you can feel happy and enjoy best moments from it. People usually travel on foot for group by carrying their bags that have foods, clothes, playing, and some enjoyable things. They intend where to go from, when come, and while travelling what to do. Travelling on foot is the best for your health than any other treatments and travels. So it is the most important advantage.
However, it has few disadvantages. This may cost more time and energy. While you are travelling on foot, you may be tired, bored, and feel hungry. But it depends on you that your travelling will be enjoyable or horrible. So preparations of travel influence on its process.
In my view, although there are some disadvantages, but you can feel satisfied and full of happiness from your travel if you are interest in that a lot and people who go with you have collective and being friendly to each other.

ENG211: Unit 13: “For and Against” Essays-Advantages and disadvantages of cycling as a means of transport

Does everything belong to each other by something? We do everything to take something for ourselves. For example, satisfactions comes you after doing your interests, everything special or something that you think it is the best for that moment.
We live in four season country. In summer, weather is often hot, sunny, and windy. In winter, it is cold, windy, and gets dark early. In autumn and spring, it’s windy, quite cold and the weather is different for everyday. Sometimes it’s like summer, sometimes winter and sometimes gives you impression of coming warm and friendly ideal spring. Most of the people have their own bicycles and usually use them for going to work, school, and getting somewhere where especially nearer to their home in China. So many reasons affect them to use bicycle for everyday life. Chinese people’s works are especially nearer to their home and the weather is quite warm. It doesn’t get extremely cold like our country. So it suits them very well.
Cycling has a number of advantages which are more than its disadvantages. It is more economical, good for health, gives you chance to be close to nature, and you can get somewhere easily without having any trouble and traffic jam. In recent years, air pollution is being main problem for almost everywhere. Being close to nature, it gives you more pleasant.
However, cycling has some disadvantages. It usually takes much longer than any other transports. It belongs to weather. For example, when it’s cold, rainy, snowy, you can’t go cycling. As a result, it can be more tiring. It can be unpleasant when the weather is bad or making ways uncomfortable or even frightening.
In my opinion, although there are some disadvantages, it gives you more satisfied, enjoyable, and comfortable time of way. If you don’t have any time or you are in a hurry, you can avoid cycling. But you will be satisfied more and more after and while cycling.

ENG211: The film review: The Holiday

The Holiday is about two women’s love story. This story is full of happiness, loves, and feelings. Directed by Nancy Meyers, the cast includes Kate Winslet as Iris, and Cameron Diaz as Amanda.
In this film, Iris is a main character who fell in love alone to her workmate. She loved him very much. She lived in small, comfortable, and simple house with her little dog. This happened around Christmas day. She prepared to give her love workmate a special gift. Unfortunately she felt depressed, lonely, and awful after know about his engagement. She cried more and more. Then she decided to go away from there and forget him. So she wrote on the website for changing her house few days for holiday. Amanda is a second character who argued his husband and lived in enormous, comfortable, and luxury house. She decided to find new life and forget everything about last time. Then she went on the website and read Iris’s writings. She replied to her and they chatted for a while. They liked each other and wanted to change their houses for few days. From the moment, plot begins unexpectedly. They had their holiday in different places. During their holiday, everything was new and exciting for them. Amanda met Iris’s brother and they fell in love. She know about he has two daughters. Days ended, she has to go home. But she felt dreadful and thought she lost something special for her. So she could not go. Iris met Amanda’s ex-husband and they fell in love. During their holiday, they met their dream guys and enjoyed their holiday. That was the precious moment for them.
This story tells about love that belongs to ours closely. We don’t know where our loves are like them. It is not amazing, full of plots, new for us. But if you watch it, you will feel enjoyable.

ENG211:Twelve-Year-Old Awarded Medal for Bravery

A twelve-year-old boy was awarded for bravery in a prize-giving ceremony at Ulaanbaatar Palace day before yesterday. The award was given to Bold by mayor of Ulaanbaatar, Munkhbayar.

The decision came after he saved his younger sister and younger brother on a fire last month. Bold risked his own life to go outside his younger sister and younger brother who are three and five years old, were sleeping at home without taking care of them, while fire was getting worse and worse. He called for engine and his parents on mobile. There was not much time to save them. So he decided to go into the house and get them. It was difficult to him. But he could do it. When the firefighters arrived, he, his younger sister, and younger brother were very well with little scary.

The prize-giving ceremony started at 12:00 day before yesterday morning with a speech from the mayor, who congratulated Bold and awarded him with the medal of bravery and big money. This was followed by an informal lunch in the Royal House Restaurant. The event was attended by city dwellers, reporters, and his family.
His younger sister and younger brother are now very well. But Bold was little injured. They don’t know what a bravery brother they have. Their father commented that he was delighted his son’s bravery had been recognized, saying that he will tell about that story when his younger sister and younger brother are grown. Mayor Munkhbayar pointed out, “At that time people like Bold are rare. He is an example to us. We are all proud of him.”

ENG211:..........They decided to be more careful next time.

It was one of the coldest day in this winter. Joe and Alice intended to go to countryside in the afternoon. They went to bazaar to buy clothe, gifts, foods, and something were ordered by their relations in the countryside. Weather was getting worse and worse. It was snowing heavily and cloudy. But they still prepared to go. After they go, Alice’s old friend visited to them when they packed everything they bought. She knew where they were going to and gave a gift to her sister a valuable brand perfume by them. She told Alice what it worth and special. Alice took it and packed her bag. They hadn’t much time to talk. So the friend went to her home after almost an hour. They were ready to go. They went to countryside by public transport. It was as likeable as a van. There were twelve people included driver and them. The weather was getting worse and worse and they were going through. In the van, most of the people were nasty and unpleasant. After long way, the driver stopped to have dinner in front of the canteen. Everybody went to canteen. Alice had fewer and Joe took care of her. But they weren’t bad. They got off the van like everyone and went to eat. In the van, people left their carriages, suitcases, and clothes. There was a huge queue in canteen. Joe was queueing while Alice was finding table to sit. After a while, they had dinner and went to the van. Almost everyone came, except them. They sit near the window and slept. After almost an hour, she woke up and saw everywhere. Most of the people were sleeping and snoring, and some were talking to each other about common. She was thirsty and wanted to drink cola. Suddenly, she knew there wasn’t perfume in her bag while opening it and finding a drink. She searched quickly in her bag. But only perfume wasn’t there. She woke up Joe and told him about it. They were searching together in their packages and asking about it from almost everyone in the van. But they didn’t find. They were getting angry and feeling uncomfortable. Alice thought someone in the van must be stolen it. Because she checked the perfume was in her bag before getting off the van. They didn’t know who stole it. They came in countryside, went to shopping for buying perfume like Alice’s friend gave them, and gave the gift to owner. It was unforgettable, bad, and instructive happening. They decided to be more careful next time.

ENG211:I live in BZD

Bayanzurkh district was organized in 1665. It had been firstly called “Nairamdliin raion” for 27 years. In 1992, it was changed its name to Bayanzurkh that is the name of beautiful mountain locates in BZD. It locates in east of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It is one of the four biggest districts in UB covers 124400 hectares. It has 20 khoroos, 28 kindergardens, 35 secondary schools, 23 universities and institutes, 9 hospitals, 184690 dwellers, and 39793 livestocks. It has some of the biggest organizations of Ulaanbaatar e.g. “Narantuul” international shopping center, “Da khuree” technical market etc.

ENG211:"Are you sure it's safe?" Josh asked his friend............

“Are you sure it’s safe?” Josh asked his friend who was just about to climb to the high rocky mountain with not having any equipment. Josh looked up her and she was climbing step by step for seeing the view of that place from top of the mountain.

Surroundings were beautiful and full of fresh colorful plants. The mountain was more famous for its nature and animals. All kind of animals almost lived in there and all sort of plants were grown. She was climbing so slowly without any scary and almost coming in center.

Suddenly, a rock fell heavily when she stepped another. Josh felt nervous and uncomfortable. He screamed ‘It is not a game. You don’t have to do this’. He thought it was too dangerous for her because she injured her leg few months ago.

Fortunately, every moment that was him danger was far over and she got to the top of the mountain. Then she screamed happily “It is beautiful, come on Josh” and it was heard far beneath. Josh climbed the mountain easily. Then they were seeing all around. Everything they imagined was not like being. View of the place was amazing and more and more beautiful than they imagined.

After for a while, they went to home and told their friends about what they saw. Sometimes, dangerous way may give you something precious.

Magic World

ENG211: My worst day

It was boring Sunday morning in Winter. I stood in front of the window seeing view out of home. The weather was cold and it was snowing. But people were going somewhere, children were playing with snow, a woman was selling some milk near the shop, and a man was cleaning the snow.

There was only me at home. Everyone went out for working or studing, except me. I had lots of homework to do. After having breakfast in the kitchen, I went to my room to do my homework. It was writing two essays and solving lots of problem. These were too much for a day to do. But teachers gave me them before three days and told me that it was checked on only Monday. So it was only my fault because I had enough time to do. First I had written my essay on the computer for three hours. I thought it was not good. Then I started to write another one.

Suddenly, the electricity was off when I almost finished my last essay. Then computer was turned off and I remembered that I didn't save my essays on the computer and didn't write them in paper. I regretted for not writing them in paper and not saving them on the computer. After three hours, electricity came. Then I switched on the computer and searched my essays on Microsoft word that might have been saved. But there wasn't anything. So I had to do them again. It was annoying me and awful. From the moment I had written my essays until midnight. I felt tired and exhausted.

If I did my homework on time, started to do when they were given, wrote in paper, or saved them while writing, I won't be tired and homework will be better than now. Something goes wrong unexpectedly, but we can protect ourselves from them. If you are not lazy and do something on time, you will get everything.

ENG211: It was one of the best days of my life

It was at the end of spring. Trees, flowers, and all kind of plants were growing and being green, birds were flying everywhere and singing, old people were sitting in the garden, playing cards and talking to each other about all types of things: about what happened to them, politics, economies, educations, their children, neighbors, or someone else. Children were playing outside of their building happily. Everyone was happy outside. Some people were going to their work, home, school, or somewhere. I was one of them. I was carrying my bag and going to my school for meeting my classmates. We planned few days ago for meeting at school and going on a two days' trip for celebrating our graduation party. We went on a two days' trip by train and spent almost three hours in train. It was unforgetable, wonderful, and special for us. During the trip, we climbed mountain, played tennis and volleyball, went to riverside, rode horses, drove motorcycles, went for dance and talked about ourselves and our opinions. We were together all day. First night we didn't sleep. Everyone was awake and teachers were with us. They were as our friends. Everyone was happy. I thought this trip wouldn't be finished. But it was over so quickly. Every moment that we were all together was unforgetable, valuable, and glamorous. We took lots of picture. It brings me happy when I miss them. But one day we'll go on a trip again. It was the best days of my life. I'll never forget about it. Now we meet once or twice a semester. But best friends are all together forever wherever they go. I love all of them.

ALDO COPPOLA

http://www.aldocoppola.it/#

ENG211: Unit-10, Exercise-2

I stood on the deck staring at the huge waves. The weather had been getting worse and worse. I thought my first travelling by boat would be horrible and unforgetable. I felt unsatisfied. I went to fall asleep from the deck when weather had been cold and windy.

Fortunately, next morning was opposite to my thought. It was glamorous. Birds were flying freely, sea was waving so slowly, weather was being calm, sun was shining, and people were happy. I stood on the deck with my friend seeing all around. There were birds, blue sky, sea, and dolphins were rare seen. But there was nothing special.

Suddenly, my friend called me and asked me "Can you see that over there?". I wondered and asked her "What did you see?". She run towards me and said to me "Place is over there like island". Then I saw distant. Island was over there. From the moment most of people in boat stood on the deck wondering what were being over there as same as island. Boat was getting closer to island. But island was being lost slowly.

Unfortunately, island had been lost like alongside before we got there. Since that moment, people had told about it lots of way. That was very strange story. But I felt happy about my first trip by boat. I had never forgotten about it.